He aha ka graphitized petroleum coke?

ʻO ka Coke Petroleum Graphitized: He Mea Kalapona Hana Kiʻekiʻe i Loaʻa mai ka Petroleum Coke

ʻO ka coke petroleum graphitized kahi mea kalapona i hana ʻia ma ke kau ʻana i ka coke petroleum i ka mālama ʻana i ka graphitization wela kiʻekiʻe (maʻamau 2,800°C–3,000°C). ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona nui aia i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o ka coke petroleum i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka wela kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi ʻano crystalline papa kokoke i ka graphite kūlohelohe, e hoʻonui nui ana i kona mau waiwai kino a me ke kemika. Aia ma lalo kahi loiloi kikoʻī:

I. Nā ʻano koʻikoʻi: Hoʻonui Hana ma o ka Graphitization

1. Ka nui o ke kalapona a me nā haumia haʻahaʻa
   • ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 98%, ʻo ka nui o ka sulfur he <0.05%, me ka lehu a me nā mea lele e haʻahaʻa loa ana ma mua o ka petroleum coke maʻamau. ʻO kēia maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e kūpono ai no ka metallurgy, nā kemika, a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
2. ʻOi loa ka hoʻokele uila a me ka wela
   • Hoʻokumu ka graphitization i kahi ʻano papa maʻamau, e hōʻemi ana i ke kū'ē ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka electron. Hāʻule ka resistivity i 5-7 μΩ·m (vs. 8-12 μΩ·m no ka coke maʻamau), e hoʻokokoke ana i ka conductivity o ka graphite kūlohelohe.
3. Paʻa Wera Kiʻekiʻe a me ka Inertness Kemika
   • Mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, >1,600°C i loko o nā umu uila hana kila) a kūʻē i nā hopena me nā waikawa/alkalis. Kūpono no nā mea refractory a me nā reactors wela kiʻekiʻe.
4. Ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui wela (CTE)
   • ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻano porous (30–50% porosity) a me ka CTE haʻahaʻa (~1.5–2.5 × 10⁻⁶/°C) i nā noi e like me nā carburizers a me nā lubricants.

II. Ke Kaʻina Hana: Nā ʻAnuʻu Koʻikoʻi i ka Graphitization Mahana Kiʻekiʻe

1. Ka mālama mua ʻana i nā mea maka
   • E koho i ka coke petroleum premium haʻahaʻa-sulfur a haʻahaʻa-lehu (e laʻa, coke nila a i ʻole coke ʻōniʻoniʻo mai ka coking lohi). E kuʻi, kānana, a hoʻohuihui i ka nui o nā ʻāpana (e laʻa, 0–1 mm, 1–3 mm).
2. Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe
   • Ke ʻAno Kuʻuna o ka Umu ʻAcheson: E kāwili i ka coke petroleum me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe graphitizing (e laʻa, ke one quartz) a hoʻomehana i 2,800–3,000°C i loko o ka umu kūʻē no 20–50 mau hola. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ikehu (6,000–8,000 kWh/ton) akā ua oʻo nā lako.
   • ʻAno Umu Hoʻomau Hou: E hoʻohana i nā umu kū pololei a i ʻole nā ​​umu paipu wili i pale ʻia e ke kinoea inert (N₂/Ar) no ka hoʻomehana/hoʻoluʻu wikiwiki ʻana (manawa pōʻaiapuni: 24–48 hola). Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i 3,500 kWh/ton, me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe (lehu <0.1%).
3. Ka Hana Ma hope
   • E hoʻomaʻalili, e kuʻi, a e pale i ka coke graphitized. E hoʻopili i nā uhi ʻili (e laʻa, pitch) a i ʻole ka chemical vapor deposition (CVD) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana e like me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai.

III. Nā Hoʻohana: He "Mea Hana Kūpono" no ka Metallurgy a me nā Kemika

1. ʻOihana Metallurgical
   • Nā Electrodes Graphite: Mea nui no ka hana kila umu uila, e kū ana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā au e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pono.
   • Carburizer: Hoʻokiʻekiʻe koke i ka nui o ke kalapona (>90% absorption) i ka hoʻolei hao ductile/hina ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i ka sulfur (<0.05%) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke hoʻolei ʻana.
   • Nā Mea Paʻa ʻole: Hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā piliki kalapona a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hui ramming no nā uhi umu wela kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe.
2. ʻOihana Kemika
   • Hana ʻana o Silicon Carbide: Hana ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona e hana ana me SiO₂ e hana i nā mea abrasive silicon carbide paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, kūpaʻa i ke komo ʻana.
   • Nā Mea Hana Pākahi: Hoʻomaikaʻi ka coke graphitized nano-sized i ka hana hoʻouka/hoʻokuʻu anode pākahiko lithium-ion.
3. Nā noi ʻē aʻe
   • Nā Lubricants: ʻO ke ʻano papa a me ke koina friction haʻahaʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lubricants paʻa i nā mīkini.
   • Nā Mea Hoʻohui Palakiko/Laho: Hoʻonui i nā waiwai conductivity a i ʻole antistatic.

IV. Hoʻohālikelike me ka Coke Petroleum Maʻamau

V. Ka Waiwai Kūʻai a me nā ʻAno Hou

Hoʻokele ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ka hana kila umu uila a me nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ke piʻi mau nei ke koi no ka coke petroleum graphitized. Hoʻemi ka ʻenehana umu hoʻomau hou i nā kumukūʻai hana ma 40-50% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano kuʻuna, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i nā noi waena. ʻO nā holomua i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e like me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hydrogen a me ka hoʻomehana microwave, e hoʻohiki i nā kaʻina hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.