ʻO nā ʻano neʻe ʻana a me ka volatilization o nā mea trace e like me ka sodium (Na), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), a me ka calcium (Ca) i loko o ka petroleum coke i ka wā o ka calcination ua hoʻopili pū ʻia e ka mahana, nā ʻano hanana, a me nā hopena kemika. Eia nā ʻano kikoʻī:
1. Ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka Sodium (Na)
- Pae haʻahaʻa wela (<1000°C): Loaʻa ka sodium ma ke ʻano o nā paʻakai inorganic (e laʻa, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride) a i ʻole nā hui organik, me ka volatility haʻahaʻa. Ke piʻi ka mahana, e palaho mālie ia i loko o nā oxides gaseous (e laʻa, Na₂O) a i ʻole hydroxides (e laʻa, NaOH).
- Pae wela kiʻekiʻe (>1000°C): Piʻi nui ka volatility o ka sodium. ʻO nā hui i hana ʻia me ka sulfur a me ka chlorine (e laʻa, Na₂S, NaCl) e sublimate a palaho paha i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokuke ana i ka sodium e pakele i ke ʻano kinoea.
- Nā mea e hoʻohuli ai: Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka volatilization o ka sodium e ka lewa calcination (oxidizing/reducing). Ma lalo o nā kūlana hōʻemi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sodium e volatilize ma ke ʻano o sulfides.
2. Ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o Vanadium (V)
- Nā ʻano hanana: Loaʻa ka vanadium i loko o ka petroleum coke ma nā ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea olaola (e laʻa, vanadyl porphyrins) a me nā ʻano paʻa (e laʻa, vanadium oxides, silicates).
- Pae haʻahaʻa wela (<1100°C): Hoʻopau mālie ka vanadium i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea olaola me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, e hoʻololi ana i nā ʻano hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ion, a i ʻole nā ʻano i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka carbonate. Hoʻopili kekahi vanadium me nā minelala calcium a me ka hao e hana i nā eutectics haʻahaʻa-kiko heheʻe.
- Ke kahua wela kiʻekiʻe (>1100°C): Piʻi nui ka volatility o ka vanadium. Hoʻopau koke ka vanadium i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea olaola i nā ʻano VOₓ kinoea (e laʻa, VO, V₂O₅), ʻoiai ʻo ka vanadium paʻa (e laʻa, V₂O₃) e heheʻe hapa a hoʻokuʻu i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka vanadium i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
- Nā mea e hoʻohuli ai: Hoʻohuli ʻia ka volatilization o vanadium e ka mahana, ka wikiwiki o ka puhi ʻana, a me ka haku mele mineral. I nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, hana ka vanadium i nā ʻano nanocrystalline me ka silicon a me ka sulfur, e alakaʻi ana i ka volatilization hapa i ke ʻano kinoea.
3. Ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o Nickel (Ni)
- Nā ʻano hana: Aia ka nikela i loko o ka petroleum coke ma ke ʻano o nā sulfides (Ni₃S₂), oxides (NiO), a i ʻole silicates.
- Pae haʻahaʻa wela (<900°C): Loaʻa ka nikel ma ke ʻano he Ni₃S₂, me ka haʻalulu haʻahaʻa.
- Ke kahua mahana waena (900–1200°C): Hoʻololi mālie ʻo Ni₃S₂ i NiS i loko o ka ʻōpala wai, e hōʻea ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka NiS ma kahi o 22.4% ma 1200°C, ma mua o ka hoʻi hou ʻana i Ni₃S₂ i ka piʻi hou ʻana o ka mahana.
- Ke kahua wela kiʻekiʻe (>1400°C): Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nikala ma ke ʻano o nā hui kinoea (e laʻa, Ni(g), NiS(g)), akā ʻaʻole i hoʻololi pololei ʻia ka Ni₃S₂ i Ni(s) paʻa.
- Nā mea hoʻohuli: Hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka volatilization o ka nickel e nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kinoea (e laʻa, O₂, H₂O). ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o O₂ e kāohi i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Ni₃S₂ i elemental Ni a kāohi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā hui spinel (e laʻa, NiAl₂O₄).
4. Ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka Calcium (Ca)
- Nā ʻano hanana: Loaʻa ka kalipuna i loko o ka petroleum coke ma ke ʻano o carbonates (CaCO₃), sulfates (CaSO₄), a i ʻole silicates.
- Pae mahana haʻahaʻa (<800°C): Hoʻopau nā kāponate i CaO a me CO₂, ʻoiai e hoʻopau nā sulfates i CaO a me SO₃, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka calcium ma ke ʻano oxide.
- Kahua wela waena (800–1200°C): Hoʻopili ʻo CaO me ka silicon a me ka alumini e hana i nā minelala haʻahaʻa-kiko heheʻe (e laʻa, anorthite CaAl₂Si₂O₈), me kekahi calcium e koe ana i ke ʻano paʻa.
- Pae wela kiʻekiʻe (>1200°C): Haʻahaʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ka calcium, akā hiki i nā minelala haʻahaʻa-kiko heheʻe ke heheʻe hapa a palaho paha i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻoulu ai i ka calcium e neʻe i ke ʻano kinoea a wai paha.
- Nā mea e hoʻohuli ai: Hoʻohuli nui ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka calcium e ka lakio silica-alumina a me ka lakio hao-calcium. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lakio silica-alumina e paipai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o FeV₂O₄ i V₂O₃, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka lakio hao-calcium e kāohi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o CaAl₂Si₂O₈.
Nā ʻAno Hoʻohālikelike Piha
- Hilinaʻi i ka mahana: Piʻi ka nui o ka volatilization o nā trace elements me ka mahana, akā ʻokoʻa loa nā pae mahana volatilization ma waena o nā mea (e laʻa, volatilizes koke ka vanadium ma luna o 1100°C, ʻoiai ʻo ka nickel e lilo i mea nui ma luna o 1400°C).
- Ka Mana o nā ʻAno Hana: ʻOi aku ka lele o nā mea trace i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea olaola (e laʻa, vanadium organik) ma mua o nā ʻano paʻa (e laʻa, vanadium oxides).
- Kaohi ʻana i ka hopena kemika: Hoʻomalu ʻia ka volatilization o nā mea trace e nā hopena me ka sulfur a me ka chlorine, e hana ana i nā hui melting-point haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā hui kinoea (e laʻa, Na₂S, VOₓ).
- Nā kuhikuhi hoʻonohonoho hana: ʻO ka kaohi ʻana i ka mahana calcination, ka lewa, a me nā mea hoʻohui (e like me nā mea hoʻololi ratio silica-alumina) hiki ke kāohi i ka volatilization o nā mea ʻino a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka coke calcined.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-17-2026