Puhi:ka mea kākau e kālailai i ka nila coke hana a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke kūlana i loko o ko kakou aina, ka manaʻolana o kona noi i ka graphite electrode a me ka ino electrode mea 'oihana manao, e aʻo i ka aila koila coke ulu pilikia, me ka maka kumu waiwai i ka pōkole lako, ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe, lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ka loiloi noi overcapacity, hoʻonui i ka noiʻi ʻāpana huahana, noi, nā hana hana, e like me nā noiʻi hui e hoʻomohala i ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe.
Wahi a nā kumu like ʻole o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaila coke i loko o ka coke needle coke a me ka coke needle coke.Hana ʻia ka aila ʻaila coke mai ka FCC slurry ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hydrodesulfurization, lohi coking a me ka calcination.He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana a loaʻa ka ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa i ka Needle coke nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa sulfur, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa lehu a pēlā aku, a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai electrochemical a me nā mechanical ma hope o ka graphitization.He ʻano mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe anisotropic me ka graphitization maʻalahi.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Needle coke no ka ultra high power graphite electrode, a me ka lithium ion battery cathode material, e like me ka "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, hoʻomau nā ʻāina i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hao a me ke kila a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻoihana. hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika i ka noi ʻana o ka ikehu mālama kalapona haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻenehana pale kaiapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻoikaika i ka hana ʻana i ka umu ahi arc a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka koi no ka nila maka.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoihana o lalo o ka nila coke.Hoʻopili kēia kumuhana i ke kūlana noi a me ka manaʻo o ka coke needle i loko o ka electrode graphite a me nā mea anode, a waiho i mua i nā pilikia a me nā countermeasures no ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana coke needle.
1. Ka nānā 'ana i ka hana a me ka holo 'ana o ka nila coke
1.1 Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka nila coke
Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka coke needle i kekahi mau ʻāina e like me Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom, South Korea a me Iapana.I ka makahiki 2011, he 1200kt/a ka nui o ka hana ana o ka niila coke, a he 250kt/a ka nui o ka hana ana o Kina, a he eha wale no na mea hana koke kola Kina.Ma ka 2021, e like me ka helu o Sinfern Information, e piʻi aʻe ka mana o ka coke needle honua ma kahi o 3250kt / a, a e piʻi ka mana hana o Needle coke ma Kina i kahi 2240kt / a, e helu ana no 68.9% o ka honua. hiki ke hana, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mea hana coke nila Kina i 21.
Hōʻike ka papa 1 i ka mana hana o nā mea hana coke 10 kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua, me ka nui o ka mana hana o 2130kt / a, helu no 65.5% o ka mana hana honua.Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mana hana honua o nā ʻoihana coke needle, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā mea hana aila coke, ʻo ka awelika o ka hana ʻana o ka mea kanu hoʻokahi he 100 ~ 200kt/a, ʻo ka mana hana kola coke coke ma kahi o 50kT / a. a.
I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka hana coke coke honua, akā mai Kina.ʻO ko Kina i hoʻolālā ʻia a ma lalo o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka hana coke coke ma kahi o 430kT /a, a ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ke kūlana overcapacity.Ma waho o Kina, paʻa mau ka mana coke needle, me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o OMSK o Rūsia e kūkulu i kahi hui coke 38kt/a i 2021.
Hōʻike ka Figure 1 i ka hana ʻana i ka coke needle ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei.E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 1, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka coke needle ma Kina, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 45% i nā makahiki 5.I ka makahiki 2020, ua hiki i ka 517kT ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka coke needle ma Kina, me ka 176kT o ka hui lanahu a me 341kT o ka hui aila.
1.2 Ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o ka nila coke
Hōʻike ka Figure 2 i ke kūlana hoʻokomo o ka nila coke ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei.E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 2, ma mua o ka puka ʻana o COVID-19, ua piʻi nui ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka coke needle ma Kina, a hiki i 270kT i 2019, kahi moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe.I ka makahiki 2020, ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka coke needle i lawe ʻia mai, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokūkū, ka nui o nā awa awa nui, a superimposed e ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o Kina i ka coke needle i 2020 he 132kt wale nō, iho 51% makahiki ma ka makahiki.Wahi a nā helu helu, i ka coke needle i lawe ʻia mai i 2020, ʻo 27.5kT ka aila ʻaila coke, i lalo o 82.93% makahiki ma ka makahiki;104.1kt, 18.26% oi ma mua o ka makahiki i hala, ʻo ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka moana o Iapana a me South Korea i ka maʻi ahulau, ʻo ka lua, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mau huahana mai Iapana a me South Korea. o nā huahana like ma Kina, a ʻo ka nui o ke kauoha i lalo he nui.
1.3 Ke kuhikuhi noi o ka nila coke
ʻO Needle coke kahi ʻano o nā mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka mea maka no ka hana ʻana i ka electrode graphite ultra-high power a me nā mea anode graphite artificial.ʻO nā kahua hoʻohana hope koʻikoʻi ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka umu ahi arc a me nā pihi mana no nā kaʻa ikehu hou.
FIG.Hōʻike ka 3 i ke ʻano o ka noi ʻana o ka nila coke ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei.ʻO ka graphite electrode ka papa noi nui loa, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka noi e komo i kahi pae palahalaha, ʻoiai e ulu wikiwiki ana nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole.I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo 740kT ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coke needle ma Kina (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inventory), ʻo ia ka 340kT o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole a me 400kt o ka graphite electrode i hoʻopau ʻia, ʻo 45% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole.
2.1 Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kila eAF
ʻO kaʻoihana hao a me ke kila ka mea hana nui i nā kalapona kalapona ma Kina.ʻElua mau ala hana nui o ka hao a me ke kila: ka umu ahi a me ka umu ahi uila.Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe kalapona ma ka 60%, a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana hou ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai kila a hoʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hao hao.Ua manaʻo ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pahuhopu o ka "carbon peak" a me ka "carbon neutrality" i ka makahiki 2025. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke kulekele ʻoihana hao a me ke kila kila, e nui nā mea kanu kila e pani ai. mea hoʻololi a me ke kapuahi hao kila me ka umu uila.
I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo 1054.4mt ka nui o ke kila kila o Kina, ʻo ia ka 96Mt o ke kila eAF, ʻo 9.1% wale nō o ka nui o ke kila kila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 18% o ka awelika honua, 67% o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 39. % o ka Hui ʻEulopa, a me 22% o ke kila EAF o Iapana, aia kahi lumi nui no ka holomua.Wahi a ka papa kuhikuhi o "Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology ma Dekemaba 31, 2020, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka eAF steel output i ka huina o ke kila kila i 15. % ~ 20% e 2025. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana kila eAF e hoʻonui nui i ka noi no nā electrodes graphite mana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka umu ahi arc home he kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui, kahi e koi ai i kahi koi nui aʻe no nā kikoʻī nui a me nā electrode graphite mana kiʻekiʻe.
2.2 Production kūlana o graphite electrode
ʻO ka graphite electrode kahi mea hoʻohana pono no ka hana kila eAF.Hōʻike ka Figure 4 i ka mana hana a me ka hoʻopuka o ka electrode graphite ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei.Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana o ka graphite electrode mai 1050kT /a i 2016 a i 2200kt/a i 2020, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 15.94%.ʻO kēia mau makahiki ʻelima ka manawa o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mana hana graphite electrode, a me ka holo holo o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana electrode graphite.Ma mua o 2017, ʻo ka graphite electrode ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana hana kuʻuna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka pollution kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻoihana graphite electrode nui o ka home e hōʻemi i ka hana, nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka graphite electrode e kū nei i ka pani ʻana, a hiki i nā pilikua electrode honua ke hoʻōki i ka hana. kuai hou a puka aku.I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻohuli ʻia a alakaʻi ʻia e ke kulekele hoʻokele aupuni o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka "floor bar steel", ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka graphite electrode ma Kina.Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka loaʻa kālā, ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke electrode graphite i kahi nalu o ka hiki ke hoʻomaka hou a me ka hoʻonui.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻea ka hopena o ka electrode graphite ma Kina i kahi kiʻekiʻe hou i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a hiki i 1189kT.I ka makahiki 2020, ua emi iho ka puka o ka graphite electrode i 1020kT ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka noi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi.Akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he overcapacity koʻikoʻi ka ʻoihana graphite electrode Kina, a ua emi ka helu hoʻohana mai 70% i 2017 a i 46% i 2020, kahi helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
2.3 Ka noiʻi noiʻi o ka nila coke ma graphite electrode oihana
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kila eAF e alakaʻi i ka koi no ka electrode graphite ultra-high power.Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka noi no ka graphite electrode e pili ana i 1300kt i 2025, a ʻo ke koi no ka coke needle maka ma kahi o 450kT.No ka mea, i ka hana ana o ka nui nui a me ka ultra-kiʻekiʻe mana graphite electrode a me ka hui, aila-ma muli o ka nila coke i oi ma mua o ka lanahu-ma muli koila coke, i ka hapa o ka graphite electrode ka koi no ka aila-ma muli koila coke e hoʻonui hou aku, noho i ka. wahi kūʻai kūʻai o ka nilana coke.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-23-2022