Puhi:ke kālailai ka mea kākau i ka pono hana coke a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kūlana ma ko mākou ʻāina, ka manaʻolana o kāna noi ʻana i ka graphite electrode a me nā mea ʻenehana electrode maikaʻi ʻole ka manaʻo o ka ʻoihana, e aʻo i nā pilikia hoʻomohala ʻana i ka aila coke, e komo pū ana nā kumuwaiwai kumu i ka pōkole, ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a me ka loiloi noi overcapacity, hoʻonui i ka noiʻi māhele huahana, noi, nā hana hana, e like me nā haʻawina hui e hoʻomohala i ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe.
Wahi a nā kumu like ʻole o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka coke nila i loko o ka coke needle coke a me ka coke needle coke. Hana ʻia ka aila ʻaila coke mai ka FCC slurry ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hydrodesulfurization, lohi coking a me ka calcination. He paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana a loaʻa ka ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ka Needle coke nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kalapona kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa sulfur, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa lehu a pēlā aku, a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai electrochemical a me nā mechanical ma hope o ka graphitization. He ʻano mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe anisotropic me ka graphitization maʻalahi.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Needle coke no ka ultra high power graphite electrode, a me ka lithium ion battery cathode material, e like me ka "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" mau pahuhopu, hoʻomau nā ʻāina i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hao a me ke kila a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana ʻoihana. hoʻoponopono a hoʻoikaika i ka noi ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu haʻahaʻa kalapona a me ka ʻenehana pale kaiapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hoʻolaha i ka uila arc furnace steelmaking a me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka koi no ka coke maka. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoihana o lalo o ka nila coke. Hoʻopili kēia kumuhana i ke kūlana noi a me ka manaʻo o ka coke needle i loko o ka electrode graphite a me nā mea anode, a waiho i mua i nā pilikia a me nā countermeasures no ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana coke needle.
1. Ka nānā 'ana i ka hana a me ka holo 'ana o ka nila coke
1.1 Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka nila coke
Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka hana ʻana i ka coke needle i kekahi mau ʻāina e like me Kina, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom, South Korea a me Iapana. I ka makahiki 2011, he 1200kt/a ka nui o ka hana o ka niila coke ma kahi o 250kt/a, a he 250kt/a ka nui o ka hana ana o Kina, a he eha wale no na mea hana koke kola Kina. Ma ka makahiki 2021, e like me ka helu o Sinfern Information, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana honua o ka coke needle ma kahi o 3250kt / a, a e piʻi aʻe ka mana hana o Needle coke ma Kina ma kahi o 2240kt / a, e helu ana no 68.9% o ka honua. e hoʻonui i ka mana hana, a e hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā mea hana coke nila Kina i 21.
Hōʻike ka Papa 1 i ka mana hana o nā mea hana coke 10 kiʻekiʻe ma ka honua, me ka nui o ka mana hana o 2130kt / a, helu no 65.5% o ka mana hana honua. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mana hana honua o nā ʻoihana coke, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā mea hana aila coke, ʻo ka awelika o ka hana ʻana o kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi he 100 ~ 200kt/a, ʻo ka nui o ka mana hana coke coke ma kahi o 50kT / a. a.
I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka coke coke honua, akā mai Kina. ʻO ko Kina i hoʻolālā ʻia a i lalo o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka mana hana coke e pili ana i 430kT /a, a ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ke kūlana overcapacity. Ma waho o Kina, paʻa mau ka mana coke needle, me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe OMSK o Rūsia e kūkulu i kahi hui coke 38kt/a i 2021.
Hōʻike ka Figure 1 i ka hana ʻana i ka coke needle ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 1, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka coke needle ma Kina, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 45% i nā makahiki 5. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hiki i ka 517kT ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka coke needle ma Kina, me ka 176kT o ka hui lanahu a me 341kT o ka hui aila.
1.2 Ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o ka nila coke
Hōʻike ka Figure 2 i ke kūlana hoʻokomo o ka nila coke ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei. E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 2, ma mua o ka make ʻana o COVID-19, ua piʻi nui ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka coke needle ma Kina, a hiki i 270kT i 2019, he moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 2020, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka coke needle i lawe ʻia mai, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokūkū, ka nui o nā awa awa nui, a superimposed e ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o Kina i ka coke needle i 2020 he 132kt wale nō, iho 51% makahiki ma ka makahiki. Wahi a nā helu helu, i ka coke needle i lawe ʻia mai i ka makahiki 2020, ʻo 27.5kT ka aila ʻaila coke, ma lalo o 82.93% makahiki ma ka makahiki; 104.1kt, 18.26% oi aku ma mua o ka makahiki i hala, ʻo ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka moana o Iapana a me South Korea e ka maʻi maʻi, ʻo ka lua, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mau huahana mai Iapana a me South Korea. o nā huahana like ma Kina, a ʻo ka nui o ke kauoha i lalo he nui.
1.3 Aʻo noiʻi o ka nila coke
ʻO Needle coke kahi ʻano o nā mea kalapona kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā mea graphite electrode ultra-high a me nā mea anode graphite artificial. ʻO nā kahua hoʻohana hope koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i ka umu ahi arc a me nā pihi mana no nā kaʻa ikehu hou.
FIG. Hōʻike ka 3 i ke ʻano o ka noi ʻana o ka coke needle ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei. ʻO ka graphite electrode ka papa noi nui loa, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka noi e komo i kahi pae palahalaha, ʻoiai e ulu wikiwiki ana nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole. I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo 740kT ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka coke needle ma Kina (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waihona waiwai), nona ka 340kT o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole a me 400kt o ka graphite electrode i pau, e helu ana no 45% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole.
2.1 Hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kila eAF
ʻO kaʻoihana hao a me ke kila ka mea hana nui i nā kalapona kalapona ma Kina. ʻElua mau ʻano hana nui o ka hao a me ke kila: blast furnace a me electric arc furnace. Ma waena o lākou, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona i ka 60%, a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana hou ʻana o nā kumu waiwai kila a hoʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hao hao. Ua manaʻo ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pahuhopu o "carbon peak" a me "carbon neutrality" i ka makahiki 2025. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke kulekele ʻoihana hao a me ke kila kila, e nui nā mea kanu kila e pani ai. mea hoʻololi a me ke kapuahi puhi kila me ka umu uila.
I ka makahiki 2020, ʻo 1054.4mt ka nui o ke kila kila o Kina, kahi o 96Mt ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ke kila eAF, he 9.1% wale nō o ka nui o ke kila kila, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 18% o ka awelika honua, 67% o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, 39. % o ka Hui ʻEulopa, a me 22% o ke kila EAF o Iapana, aia kahi lumi nui no ka holomua. Wahi a ka papa kuhikuhi o "Guidance on Promoting High-Quality Development of Iron and Steel Industry" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology ma Dekemaba 31, 2020, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka eAF steel output i ka huina o ke kila kila i 15. % ~ 20% e 2025. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana kila eAF e hoʻonui nui i ka noi no nā electrodes graphite ultra-high power. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka umu ahi arc home he kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui, kahi e koi ai i kahi koi nui aʻe no nā kikoʻī nui a me nā electrode graphite mana kiʻekiʻe.
2.2 Production kūlana o graphite electrode
He mea waiwai nui ka graphite electrode no ka hana kila eAF. Hōʻike ka Figure 4 i ka mana hana a me ka hoʻopuka o ka electrode graphite ma Kina i nā makahiki 5 i hala iho nei. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana o ka graphite electrode mai 1050kT / a ma 2016 a i 2200kt / a ma 2020, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 15.94%. ʻO kēia mau makahiki ʻelima ka manawa o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mana hana graphite electrode, a me ka holo holo ʻana o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana graphite electrode. Ma mua o 2017, ʻo ka ʻoihana electrode graphite ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana hana kuʻuna me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka pollution kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻoihana graphite electrode nui i hoʻemi i ka hana, nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka graphite electrode e kū nei i ka pani ʻana, a ʻo nā kānaka nunui electrode honua e hoʻōki i ka hana. kuai hou a puka aku. I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻohuli ʻia a alakaʻi ʻia e ke kulekele hoʻokele aupuni o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka "floor bar steel", ua piʻi nui ke kumukūʻai o ka graphite electrode ma Kina. Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka loaʻa kālā, ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke electrode graphite i kahi nalu o ka hiki ke hoʻomau a me ka hoʻonui.
I ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻea ka hopena o ka electrode graphite ma Kina i kahi kiʻekiʻe hou i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a hiki i 1189kT. I ka makahiki 2020, ua emi iho ka puka o ka graphite electrode i 1020kT ma muli o ke koi nāwaliwali i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi. Akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he overcapacity koʻikoʻi ka ʻoihana graphite electrode Kina, a ua emi ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana mai 70% i 2017 a i 46% i 2020, kahi helu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
2.3 Ka noiʻi noiʻi o ka nila coke ma ka graphite electrode oihana
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kila eAF e alakaʻi i ka noi no ka electrode graphite ultra-high power. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka noi no ka graphite electrode e pili ana i 1300kt i 2025, a ʻo ke koi no ka coke needle maka e pili ana i 450kT. No ka mea, i ka hana ana o ka nui nui a me ka ultra-kiʻekiʻe mana graphite electrode a me ka hui, aila-ma muli o ka nila coke i oi ma mua o ka lanahu-ma muli koila coke, ka hapa o ka graphite electrode ka koi no ka aila-ma muli o ka nila coke e hoʻonui hou aku, noho i ka. wahi kūʻai kūʻai o ka nilana coke.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-23-2022