[Needle Coke] Ka loiloi lako a me ke koi a me nā ʻano hoʻomohala o ka needle coke ma Kina
I. Ka mana o ka mākeke coke nila o Kina
I ka makahiki 2016, ʻo ka nui o ka hana honua o ka nila coke he 1.07 miliona tons/makahiki, a ʻo ka nui o ka hana Kina no ka nila coke he 350,000 tons/makahiki, e helu ana i 32.71% o ka nui o ka hana honua. I ka makahiki 2021, ua piʻi ka nui o ka hana honua o ka nila coke i 3.36 miliona tons/makahiki, a ʻo ka nui o ka hana Kina no ka nila coke he 2.29 miliona tons/makahiki, e helu ana i 68.15% o ka nui o ka hana honua. Ua piʻi aʻe nā ʻoihana hana Kina no ka nila coke i 22. Ua piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka hana o nā ʻoihana nila coke kūloko ma 554.29% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2016, ʻoiai ua paʻa ka nui o ka hana o ka nila coke haole. I ka makahiki 2022, ua piʻi ka mana hana o Kina no ka nila coke i 2.72 miliona tone, he piʻi ʻana ma kahi o 7.7 mau manawa, a ua piʻi ka nui o nā mea hana nila coke Kina i 27, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o ka ʻoihana, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua piʻi ka hapa o ka nila coke Kina ma ka mākeke honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
1. Ka mana hana aila o ka nila coke
Ua hoʻomaka ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka hiki ke hana o ka coke nila moʻo aila mai ka makahiki 2019. Mai ka makahiki 2017 a i ka makahiki 2019, ua noho aliʻi ʻia ka mākeke coke nila moʻo aila o Kina e nā ana lanahu, ʻoiai ua lohi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka coke nila moʻo aila. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana i hoʻokumu ʻia e hana ana ma hope o 2018, a ua hiki aku ka hiki ke hana o ka coke nila moʻo aila ma Kina i 1.59 miliona tone ma ka makahiki 2022. Ua hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 2019, ua huli nui ka mākeke electrode graphite ma lalo, a ua nāwaliwali ke koi no ka coke nila. I ka makahiki 2022, ma muli o ka hopena o ka maʻi ahulau COVID-19 a me nā ʻOlumepika Hoʻoilo a me nā hanana lehulehu ʻē aʻe, ua nāwaliwali ke koi, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe nei nā kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole i makemake nui ʻia nā ʻoihana e hana, a lohi ka ulu ʻana o ka hana.
2. Ka hiki ke hana i ka coke nila ana lanahu
Ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka hiki ke hana o ka coke nila ana lanahu i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai 350,000 tons i ka makahiki 2017 a i 1.2 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2022. Mai ka makahiki 2020, ua emi ka māhele mākeke o ke ana lanahu, a ua lilo ka coke nila moʻo aila i mea nui o ka coke nila. Ma ke ʻano o ka hana, ua mālama ʻia ka ulu ʻana mai ka makahiki 2017 a i ka makahiki 2019. Mai ka makahiki 2020, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai a ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka loaʻa kālā. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke koi no ka electrode graphite.
Ⅱ. Ka loiloi koi o ka nila Coke ma Kina
1. Ka loiloi mākeke o nā mea lithium anode
Mai ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, ua piʻi mau ka hoʻopuka makahiki o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o Kina mai 2017 a i 2019. I ka makahiki 2020, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka piʻi mau ʻana o ka mākeke terminal downstream, hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka holoʻokoʻa o ka pila mana e piʻi, piʻi nui ka noi mākeke, a piʻi nā kauoha o nā ʻoihana mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a piʻi koke ka hoʻomaka holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana a mālama i ka momentum i luna. I ka makahiki 2021-2022, ua hōʻike ka hoʻopuka ʻana o Kina o nā mea lithium cathode i ka ulu nui ʻana, e pōmaikaʻi ana mai ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ke aniau ʻoihana o nā ʻoihana downstream, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa ikehu hou, ka mālama ikehu, ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka mana liʻiliʻi a me nā mākeke ʻē aʻe i hōʻike pū i nā ʻano ulu like ʻole, a ua mālama nā ʻoihana mea cathode nui i ka hana piha. Ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole ma mua o 1.1 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2022, a ua nele ka huahana, a ua ākea ka manaʻolana noi o nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka nila coke ka ʻoihana mua o ka pākaukau lithium a me nā mea anode, kahi e pili pono ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke mea lithium a me nā mea cathode. ʻO nā kahua noi o ka pākaukau lithium e komo pū me ka pākaukau mana, ka pākaukau mea kūʻai aku a me ka pākaukau mālama ikehu. I ka makahiki 2021, e helu ana nā pākaukau mana no 68%, nā pākaukau mea kūʻai aku no 22%, a me nā pākaukau mālama ikehu no 10% o ka hoʻonohonoho huahana pākaukau lithium ion o Kina.
ʻO ka pila uila ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā kaʻa ikehu hou. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ke kulekele "carbon peak, carbon neutral", ua hoʻolauna ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina i kahi manawa kūpono hou. I ka makahiki 2021, ua hōʻea ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou honua i 6.5 miliona, a ua hōʻea ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā pila uila i 317GWh, piʻi 100.63% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hōʻea ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina i 3.52 miliona mau ʻāpana, a ua hōʻea ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā pila uila i 226GWh, piʻi 182.50 pakeneka i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā pila uila honua i 1,550GWh i ka makahiki 2025 a me 3,000GWh i ka makahiki 2030. E mālama ka mākeke Kina i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he mākeke pila uila nui loa ma ka honua me kahi māhele mākeke paʻa ma mua o 50%.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-21-2022