He aha ka graphitization a me ka carbonization, a he aha ka ʻokoʻa?

He aha ka graphitization?

ʻO ka graphitization kahi hana ʻenehana kahi e hoʻololi ai ke kalapona i graphite. ʻO kēia ka hoʻololi microstructure i hana ʻia i loko o ke kalapona a i ʻole nā ​​mea hao haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hōʻike ʻia i nā mahana o 425 a 550 degere Celsius no nā manawa lōʻihi, e ʻōlelo i nā hola 1,000. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka embrittlement. No ka laʻana, loaʻa pinepine i ka microstructure o nā kila carbon-molybdenum i ka pearlite (kahi hui o ka ferrite a me ka cementite). Ke kiʻi ʻia ka mea, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka pearlite i ferrite a hoʻopuehu wale ʻia. ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka embrittlement o ke kila a me ka emi iki o ka ikaika i ka wā e puunaue wale ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana graphite i loko o ka matrix. Eia naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke pale i ka graphitization ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe aʻe i emi ʻole i ka graphitization. Eia hou, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni ma, no ka laʻana, hoʻonui i ka pH a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike chloride. ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka graphitization ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi uhi. Pale Cathodic o ka hao.

He aha ka carbonization?

ʻO ka carbonization kahi hana ʻenehana kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka mea ola i carbon. ʻO nā mea olaola a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei ma ʻaneʻi he mau mea kanu a me nā kupapaʻu holoholona. Hana ʻia kēia hana ma ka distillation luku. He hopena pyrolytic kēia a ua manaʻo ʻia he kaʻina hana paʻakikī kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā hopena kemika like ʻole. No ka laʻana, dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer a isomerization. He ʻokoʻa ke kaʻina hana carbonization mai ke kaʻina carbonization no ka mea ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka carbonization no ka mea ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana i nā kauoha he nui. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki i ka nui o ka wela ke hoʻomalu i ka degere o ka carbonization a me ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe i koe. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka maʻi kalapona o ke koena ma kahi o 90% ma ke kaumaha ma 1200K a ma kahi o 99% ma ke kaumaha ma kahi o 1600K. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka carbonization kahi hopena exothermic, hiki ke waiho iā ia iho a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano o ke kinoea carbon dioxide. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻike ʻia ka biomaterial i nā hoʻololi koke i ka wela (e like me ka pahū nuklea), e hoʻoneʻe koke ka biomaterial i ka hikiwawe a lilo i kalapona paʻa.

Ua like ka graphitization me ka carbonization

He mau hana ʻoihana koʻikoʻi lāua ʻelua e pili ana i ke kalapona ma ke ʻano he reactant a huahana paha.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka graphitization a me ka carbonization?

ʻO ka graphitization a me ka carbonization ʻelua mau hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka carbonization a me ka graphitization, ʻo ka carbonization ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mea organik i carbon, aʻo ka graphitization ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kalapona i ka graphite. No laila, he hoʻololi kemika ka carbonization, ʻo ka graphitization he hoʻololi microstructure.