ʻO Graphitized Petroleum Coke: ʻO ke "Mōʻī" ma waena o nā mea hana Carburizing

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka coke petroleum graphitized ʻo ia ke "mōʻī" i waena o nā mea hana carburizing ma muli o kona maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, crystallinity kiʻekiʻe, ka helu absorption maikaʻi loa, a me ke kūpaʻa, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui e like me ka metallurgy, ka hana huahana graphite, a me ka ʻoihana koa. Hana ʻia ka loiloi ma lalo nei mai ʻekolu mau ana: nā ʻano koʻikoʻi, nā pono hana, a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi.

I. Nā ʻano koʻikoʻi: Nā "Gene Aliʻi" o ka Graphitized Petroleum Coke

Maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā haumia haʻahaʻa

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka coke petroleum graphitized i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe ma 2200 - 2600 ℃, kahi e wehe ai i ka hapa nui o nā haumia e like me ka sulfur, nitrogen, a me ka lehu. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kalapona paʻa ma 80% - 92%, me ka haʻahaʻa o ka sulfur e like me ≤0.1% a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka nitrogen ≤0.5%. Hōʻoia kēia ʻano maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokomo i nā mea ʻino i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana carburizing, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka maikaʻi o ke kila. No ka laʻana, i ka hana kila, hiki i ka haʻahaʻa o ka sulfur ke hōʻemi i ka hanana "wela brittleness" a hoʻonui i ka ductility a me ke kūpaʻa i ka hopena o ke kila.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka crystallinity a me ke kūpaʻa

Hoʻonohonoho ke kaʻina hana graphitization i nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o kahi microstructure graphite maʻamau, e hana ana i kahi ʻano crystallinity kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka paʻa o kēia ʻano i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a ʻaʻole i maʻalahi i ka oxidation a me ka deterioration, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hopena lōʻihi o ka carburization. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka ungraphitized petroleum coke e maʻalahi i ka decomposition i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e alakaʻi ana i ka emi ʻana o ka helu omo kalapona.

ʻAno Porous a me ka Reactivity Kiʻekiʻe

He ʻano porous ko ka coke petroleum graphitized me kahi ʻili ākea kikoʻī, e hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻopili koke a palaho i loko o ka hao a i ʻole ke kila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e hana i nā nuclei, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka helu omo kalapona. Hōʻike nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua ua like kona hopena omo me nā mea hana carburizing lanahu me ka nui o ke kalapona ma mua o 90%, akā he wikiwiki ka wikiwiki o ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻopōkole i ka manawa hoʻoheheʻe ma 10% - 15%, e hoʻokō ana i ka mālama ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana.

II. Nā Pōmaikaʻi o ke Kaʻina Hana: Hoʻolilo i ka Pōhaku i Gula ma o ka Hana Graphitization

Hoʻonui i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā molekala

Hoʻonui ka hana graphitization i ka mamao ma waena o nā ʻātoma kalapona, e hana ana i kahi ʻano kristal hexagonal e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka palaho ʻana. Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻokuʻu koke i nā ʻātoma kalapona i loko o nā mea hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e paipai ana i ka nucleation graphite a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano graphite o ka hao i hoʻolei ʻia (e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o ka graphite spheroidal), no laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka machinability o nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia.

Kaulike ma waena o ke kumukūʻai a me ka pono

ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka graphitization e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kona wikiwiki omo a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka mea carburizing i hoʻohana ʻia (ʻo ka maʻamau he 20% - 30% ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea carburizing lanahu) a hōʻemi i nā pohō downtime hana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hoʻoponopono pinepine ʻana o nā ʻano ʻāpana. I ka wā lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.

III. Nā Hiʻohiʻona Noi: He "Mea Pāʻani A puni" mai Metallurgy a i ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe

ʻOihana Metallurgical: He Palapala Hōʻoia Pālua no ka Carburization a me ka Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka Maikaʻi

• Hana kila: Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ke kila ʻōpala a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao puaʻa, i hui pū ʻia me ka carburization me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka graphitized petroleum coke, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e 10% - 20%, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical o ke kila.
• Ke hoʻolei ʻana: Hoʻonui ia i ke ʻano graphite a me ka papa nodularity, e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ke ola lawelawe o nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia. No ka laʻana, i ka hoʻolei ʻana o nā poloka cylinder mīkini kaʻa, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka graphitized petroleum coke ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa luhi o nā mea i hoʻolei ʻia ma 15% - 20%.

Ka Hana ʻana i nā Huahana Graphite: Ke Kihi o nā Mea Hana Kiʻekiʻe

ʻO ka coke petroleum graphitized kahi mea maka nui no ka hana ʻana i nā poloka cathode nui, nā electrodes kalapona, nā electrodes graphitized, a me nā pastes electrode hana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka crystallinity kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o nā umu ʻoihana e ulu ana i ka nui a me ka super-nui, e hōʻemi ana i ka pohō oxidation i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā lako.

ʻOihana Koa: He Mea Pāʻani Kūpono i nā Mea Palekana Bullet

ʻO ka daimana ʻeleʻele (he daimana polycrystalline kūlohelohe) ua manaʻo ʻia he mea keramika e hiki mai ana no ka pale ʻana i nā projectiles e ʻoki ana i nā pale kaua ma muli o kona paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe (ʻelua wale nō i ka daimana a me ka boron nitride) a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (2.52 g/cm³). ʻO ka coke petroleum graphitized, ma o ka hana hohonu ʻana, hiki ke pani hapa i ka daimana ʻeleʻele i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻopaʻa no nā mea pyrotechnic koa, e hōʻemi ana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kakaikahi.

Nā Māhele ʻOihana ʻē aʻe: He "Mea Kōkua Honua" no nā Hoʻohana Palena ʻĀina

• ʻOihana Kemika: Hana ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻemi, hoʻolei ʻana i ka inoculant hoʻemi, a me nā mea refractory.
• ʻOihana Uila: Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā pulumu kalapona, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka conductivity a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu.
• ʻOihana Pākahi: Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea electrode e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ke ola pōʻaiapuni.
• ʻOihana Mīkini: Hana ia ma ke ʻano he lubricant e hōʻemi i ka pohō friction.

Hopena: Ke "Ala Aliʻi" o ka Graphitized Petroleum Coke

Ua hoʻokumu ka coke petroleum graphitized i kahi pae hoʻohālikelike ma ke kahua o nā mea hana carburizing me kona mau waiwai kino a me nā kemika kū hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻoponopono wale i nā pilikia o ka nui o ka haumia a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka absorption o nā mea hana carburizing kuʻuna akā paipai pū kekahi i nā hoʻonui mea i ka metallurgy, ka hana huahana graphite, a me ka ʻoihana koa ma o kona crystallinity kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa. Me ka ulu ʻana o ke koi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia ke "kūlana mōʻī" o ka coke petroleum graphitized, e lilo ia i "daimana ʻeleʻele" ponoʻī i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana.