ʻO ka pitch lanahu, he pōkole ia no ka pitch tar lanahu, ka hana ʻana o ka distillation tar lanahu ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ke koena distillate wai, no ke ʻano asphalt artificial, ma ke ʻano he wai viscous, semi-solid a paʻa paha, ʻeleʻele a ʻālohilohi, ma ke ʻano he 92 ~ 94% carbon, hydrogen ma kahi o 4 ~ 5%. ʻO ka pitch tar lanahu kahi huahana nui i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana i ke tar lanahu a he mea pono ʻole ia no ka hana ʻana i ke kalapona.
ʻO ke kumu o ka distillation tar, ʻo ia ke hoʻohuihui i nā hui me nā kiko paila like i loko o ke tar i loko o nā ʻāpana like no ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā huahana monomer. ʻO ke koena o ka distillate extraction he lanahu tar pitch, e helu ana no 50% ~ 60% o ke lanahu tar.
Wahi a nā kiko palupalu like ʻole, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻasphalt lanahu i ʻekolu mau māhele o ka ʻasphalt haʻahaʻa (asphalt palupalu), ka ʻasphalt mahana waena (asphalt maʻamau), ka ʻasphalt wela kiʻekiʻe (asphalt paʻakikī), ʻelua mau māka o kēlā me kēia māhele.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka bitumen lanahu ma nā kahua aʻe:
* Wahie: Hiki ke hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana paʻa me ka ʻaila kaumaha a i ʻole i hana ʻia i slurry i hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke pāʻani i ke kuleana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻaila kaumaha.
Pena: Pena e hoʻohui i ka rosin a i ʻole turpentine a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha i ka wā e kuke ai i ka ʻaila no nā hale a i ʻole nā paipu wai ʻole. He kūpono ia no ka hale kila waho, ka papa hana pale wai ʻole o ka sima a me ka pōhaku lepo a me ka papa pale, a hiki ke pena ʻia a pena ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi.
* Ke kūkulu ʻana i ke alanui, nā mea kūkulu hale: i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻaila petroleum, ka ʻaila lanahu a me ka ʻaila petroleum i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, aia kahi hakahaka maikaʻi a me ka hakahaka paʻa. ʻAʻole palupalu ka ʻaila lanahu, ʻaʻole paʻa i ka mahana, palupalu i ka hoʻoilo, palupalu i ke kauwela, a ʻelemakule koke.
* Mea Hoʻopaʻa: Hana i ka electrode, ka hoʻopili anode a me nā huahana kalapona ʻē aʻe, ka ʻasphalt i hoʻololi ʻia. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻasphalt i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka ʻasphalt mahana waena. Ma Kina, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana ipu hao, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kinoea ma ke ʻano he wahie e hoʻomehana ai i ka ʻasphalt i loko o ka reactor. ʻO ka hope loa, loaʻa ka ʻasphalt i hoʻololi ʻia ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka granulation.
* ʻAsphalt coke: koena paʻa o ka lanahu asphalt ma hope o ka retorting wela kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka asphalt coke ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā mea kalapona kūikawā, he mea pono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā semiconductor a me nā lako hana panel solar. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea electrode no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe alumini, mea carbonized no ka hana kila umu uila a me nā mea maka huahana kalapona kūikawā no ka semiconductor.
* Koke nila: ʻo ka ʻasphalt palupalu i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e ka pretreatment mea maka, coking lohi, calcination wela kiʻekiʻe ʻekolu mau kaʻina hana, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana electrode a me nā huahana kalapona kūikawā. ʻO nā huahana i hana ʻia mai kāna mau mea maka e hōʻike ʻia e ka resistivity haʻahaʻa, ka coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa wela ikaika, ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation maikaʻi.
* ʻO ke olonā kalapona: olonā kūikawā me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 92% o ka nui o ke kalapona i loaʻa mai ka ʻasphalt ma o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka milo ʻana, ka pre-oxidation, ka carbonization a i ʻole ka graphitization.
* ʻAila huluhulu, kalapona i hoʻāla ʻia, kalapona ʻeleʻele a me nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-30-2022