I ka makahiki 1955, ua hoʻomaka kūhelu ʻia ka Hale Hana Kalepa ʻo Jilin, ka ʻoihana uila graphite mua o Kina, me ke kōkua o nā loea loea mai ka Soviet Union mua. I ka mōʻaukala hoʻomohala o ka uila graphite, aia ʻelua mau huapalapala Kina.
ʻO ka electrode graphite, kahi mea graphite kūpaʻa i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, he mau waiwai maikaʻi loa ia no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke au a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka uila, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana okila.
Ma ke kua o ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā waiwai, ʻaʻole i hana ʻole ʻia ka electrode graphite o kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kumukūʻai awelika o ka mākeke electrode graphite nui he 21393 yuan/ton,piʻi i ka 51%mai ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. Mahalo i kēia, ʻo ke kaikunāne nui o ka electrode graphite kūloko (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20%) - Fang Da carbon (600516) i nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o kēia makahiki he 3.57 biliona yuan ka loaʻa kālā hana, he 37% ka ulu makahiki-ma-makahiki, a hoʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā ʻupena makuahine he 118%. Ua huki kēia hoʻokō kupaianaha i nā ʻoihana he 30 a ʻoi aku e noiʻi i ka pule i hala, a ma waena o ia mau mea he nui nā ʻoihana hōʻiliʻili kālā lehulehu e like me Efonda lāua ʻo Harvest.
A ʻike nā hoaaloha e hoʻolohe ana i ka ʻoihana mana uila ma lalo o ka lima hao o ka luakini, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o nā ʻoihana hoʻohana ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, a me ka haumia kiʻekiʻe. Pono nā wili kila e pāʻani i kahi kuleana alakaʻi ma ka moku hao a me ke kila ʻo Hebei, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia. Wahi a ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ʻana o ke kila, e emi ana ke koi no ka electrode graphite, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā manamana wāwae, pono e hāʻule nā kumukūʻai electrode graphite.
1. Me ka ʻole o nā electrodes graphite, ʻaʻole hana maoli nā umu arc uila
No ka ʻike kikoʻī hou aku o nā electrodes graphite, pono e wehe i ke kaulahao ʻoihana no kahi nānā iki. I luna, electrode graphite i ka petroleum coke, nila coke ʻelua mau huahana kemika e like me nā mea maka, ma o 11 mau kaʻina hana paʻakikī.Pono ka 1 tona o ka electrode graphite i 1.02 tona o nā mea maka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaʻina hana ma mua o 50 mau lā, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea ma mua o 65%.
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai, alakaʻi nā electrodes graphite i ka uila. Wahi a ke au i ʻae ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā electrodes graphite imana maʻamau, mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loanā electrodes graphite. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kino a me nā kemika o nā ʻano electrodes like ʻole.
Ma ke kahawai, hoʻohana ʻia nā electrodes graphite i loko o nā umu arc, silicon ʻoihana a mephosphorus melemeleka hana ʻana, ʻo ka hana kila ma ke ʻano laulā e pili ana i80%o ka hoʻohana holoʻokoʻa o nā electrodes graphite, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hou loa ma muli o ka ʻoihana kila. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā kila EAF mana kiʻekiʻe loa me ka hana kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ke ulu nei hoʻi nā electrodes graphite i ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka mana maʻamau. ʻO wai ka mea akamai i kaʻeleka uila graphite mana kiʻekiʻe loaʻenehana, nāna e alakaʻi i ka mākeke e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe he 10 o ka honua o nā electrodes graphite mana kiʻekiʻe loa e pili ana i kahi 44.4% o ka huina o ka hana o nā electrodes graphite mana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua. Ua paʻa iki ka mākeke, a ʻo Iapana ka ʻāina alakaʻi nui.
I mea e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ai i kēia, eia kahi hoʻolauna pōkole o ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ke kila. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ua māhele ʻia ka hao a me ke kila iumu pahūa meumu ʻāʻī uilaʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka hao hao, coke a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai ka hao puaʻa, a laila ka nui o ka mea hoʻololi oxygen e puhi ana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hao i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hana kila kila wai. Hoʻohana ka mea ʻē aʻe i nā waiwai uila a me ka wela maikaʻi loa o nā electrodes graphite e hoʻoheheʻe i ke kila ʻōpala a hoʻolilo iā ia i kila.
No laila, ʻaʻole nui ka pono no ka electrode graphite no ka hana kila EAF, e like me PVDF no ka lithium anode (hoʻopau wale ka 1 tone o ke kila i ka electrode graphite 1.2-2.5kg), akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o ia. A ʻaʻohe mea e pani koke ʻia.
2. ʻElua kalapona i ke ahi, ninini ʻia ka mana o ka electrode graphite
ʻAʻole wale ke kila, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā electrode graphite he ʻoihana hoʻohana nui i ka ikehu a me nā hoʻokuʻu kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i manaʻolana ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hana ʻana o hoʻokahi tona o ka electrode graphite e hoʻopau i kahi 1.7 tons o ka lanahu maʻamau, a inā hoʻololi ʻia i 2.66 tons o ke kalapona ʻokikene no kēlā me kēia tona o ka lanahu maʻamau, hoʻopuka kahi tona hoʻokahi o ka electrode graphite ma kahi o 4.5 tons o ke kalapona ʻokikene i ka lewa. ʻAʻole ʻae hou ʻo Inner Mongolia i ka papahana electrode graphite i kēia makahiki he hōʻike maikaʻi ia.
Hoʻokele ʻia e ka pahuhopu kalapona pālua a me ke kumumanaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua emi pū ka hana makahiki o nā electrodes graphite no ka manawa mua i loko o ʻehā mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 2017, ʻo ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o ka mākeke kila eAF honua, e hoʻokele ana i ke koi no ka electrode graphite, ua hoʻonui nā mea pāʻani electrode graphite i ka hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana, ua hōʻike nā electrode Graphite ma Kina mai 2017 a 2019 i kahi ʻano ulu kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia he pōʻaiapuni, ʻo ia ka ʻai ʻiʻo ma uka, ʻai noodles ma lalo.
Ma muli o ka hoʻopukapuka nui ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka electrode graphite i ka ʻoihana, e hopena ana i ka nui o ka waihona ma ka mākeke, ua wehe i ke kahawai i lalo o ka ʻoihana, ua lilo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe waihona i mele nui. I ka makahiki 2020, ua emi ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka electrode graphite honua ma 340,000 tons, i lalo a hiki i ka 22%, ua emi pū ka hana o Kina o ka electrode graphite mai 800,000 tons a i 730,000 tons, a manaʻo ʻia e emi wale ka hana maoli o kēia makahiki.
I hoʻokahi pō ma mua o ke kūʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole i piʻi aʻe ka mana hana, ʻaʻohe kālā (ka palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), ke piʻi nei ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka. ʻO ka Coke petroleum, ka nila Coke i hoʻokahi pule i hala aku nei ua piʻi aʻe he 300-600 yuan/ton. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻekolu e waiho ana i nā mea pāʻani graphite me hoʻokahi koho wale nō, ʻo ia ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i nā kumukūʻai. ʻO nā huahana electrode graphite ʻekolu maʻamau, mana kiʻekiʻe, mana kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai. Wahi a ka hōʻike a Baichuan Yingfu, ʻoiai inā piʻi ke kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole lawa ka mākeke electrode graphite o Kina, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe waihona electrode graphite o kekahi mau mea hana, piʻi mau ka nui o ka hana.
3. Hoʻololi kila, no ka electrode graphite wehe i ka noʻonoʻo ākea
Inā palena ka hana ʻana, ke piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka waiwai nā mea hoʻokele ma hope o ke piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā electrodes graphite ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻoihana kila e wehe i ka noʻonoʻo no ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o nā electrodes graphite kiʻekiʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 90% o ka hana kila maka kūloko e hele mai ana mai ka hana kila umu pahū (coke), kahi i loaʻa ka hoʻokuʻu nui ʻana o ke kalapona. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me nā koi aupuni o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki ke kila, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kalapona, ua huli kekahi mau mea hana kila mai ka umu pahū i ka umu arc uila. Ua kuhikuhi pū nā kulekele pili i hoʻolauna ʻia i ka makahiki i hala aku nei ua helu ʻia ka hana kila o ka umu arc uila ma mua o 15% o ka huina o ka hana kila maka, a ke hoʻoikaika nei e hoʻokō i 20%. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, no ka mea he mea nui loa ka electrode graphite i ka umu arc uila, hoʻomaikaʻi pololei ʻole ia i nā koi maikaʻi o ka electrode graphite.
ʻAʻole ia he mea ʻole e pono ai ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hapa o ke kila EAF. ʻElima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻea ka pakeneka o ka hana kila maka o ka honua i 25.2%, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa he 27 mau ʻāina he 62.7%, 39.4%, a nui ka wahi o ko mākou ʻāina ma kēia wahi o ka holomua, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke koi no ka electrode graphite.
No laila, hiki ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi ʻia inā ʻo ka hana o ke kila EAF e pili ana i kahi 20% o ka huina o ka hana o ke kila maka i ka makahiki 2025, a ua helu ʻia ka hana o ke kila maka e like me 800 miliona tons/makahiki, ʻo ke koi o ka electrode graphite o Kina i ka makahiki 2025 ma kahi o 750,000 tons. Ua wānana ʻo Frost Sullivan aia nō kahi lumi e holo ai ma ka hapaha ʻehā o kēia makahiki.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo e piʻi wikiwiki ana ka electrode graphite, hilinaʻi kēia i ke kāʻei umu arc uila.
4. E hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
I ka hopena, he mau waiwai manawa ikaika ko ka electrode graphite, a he maʻalahi nā hiʻohiʻona noi, kahi i hoʻohuli nui ʻia e ka ʻoihana kila ma hope. Ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana mai 2017 a 2019, ua emi iho ia i ka makahiki i hala. I kēia makahiki, ma lalo o ka palena hana, ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ua emi iho ke kumukūʻai o ka electrode graphite a ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me nā koi hoʻololi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka haʻahaʻa kalapona o ka ʻoihana hao a me ke kila, e lilo ke kila EAF i mea hoʻoulu koʻikoʻi e hoʻokele i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke koi electrode graphite, akā he hana lōʻihi ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana. ʻAʻole paha e maʻalahi ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai no nā electrodes graphite.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-08-2021